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April 29, 2025 | Causing Physical Harm Always Involves “Use of Force”
In Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc., 591 U. S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court held that because the foreign affiliates of American nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) possess no First Amend...
In Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Aurelius Investment, LLC, 590 U. S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Constitution’s Appointments Clause does not restrict the appointment or selection of members of Pu...
In McGirt v. Oklahoma, 591 U.S. ____ (2020), a divided U.S. Supreme Court held that much of eastern Oklahoma remains an American Indian reservation for the purposes of federal criminal jurisdiction. Facts of the Case The Major Crimes Act (MC...
In Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru and St. James School v. Biel, 591 U. S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court held that two Catholic school teachers could not pursue claims under federal anti-discrimination laws. According to the se...
In Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania, 591 U. S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act (ACA) exemption for employers with religious and conscientious objections the healthcare law’s ...
In Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 591 U. S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court held the restriction in the Dodd-Frank Act that allowed president’s ability to replace the CFPB Director only “for cause” violated the Cons...
In Chiafalo v. Washington, 591 U. S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court upheld state “faithless elector” laws. The justices unanimously ruled that states may enforce an elector’s pledge to support his party’s nominee—and the state voters...
In Trump v. Vance, 591 U. S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that President Donald Trump is not immune to state subpoenas for his financial records. By a vote of 7-2, the Court held that Article II and the supremacy clause of the Constitut...
In Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue, 591 U. S. ____ (2020), a divided Supreme Court held that the application of the Montana Constitution’s “no-aid” provision to a state program providing tuition assistance to parents who send their c...
In Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California, 591 U. S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Department of Homeland Security’s decision to rescind the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) prog...
In Waetzig v. Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., 604 U.S. ____ (2025), the U.S. Supreme Court held ...
In Dewberry Group, Inc. v. Dewberry Engineers, Inc., 604 U.S. __ (2025), the U.S. SupremeCourt held...
In Bondi v. VanDerStok, 604 U.S. ____ (2025), the U.S. Supreme Court held that a Bureau of Alcohol,...
Congress of the United States begun and held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday the fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine.
THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution.